A Critical Reflection of a Six Week Placement within the Rugby Football League The WritePass Journal

A Critical Reflection of a Six Week Placement inside the Rugby Football League A Critical Reflection of a Six Week Placement inside the Rugby Football League Section I1.1 Goals for Placement1.2 Goal Setting1.3 Curriculum Vitae and Covering Letter1.4 Potential EmployersChapter II2.0 Coaching Literature2.1 Sports Policy and ParticipationChapter III3.0 Reflective TheoryChapter IV4.0 Description4.1 Thoughts and Feelings4.2 Evaluation4.3 Analysis4.4 Action PlanChapter V5.0 Description5.1 Thoughts and Feelings5.2 Evaluation5.3 Analysis5.4 Action PlanChapter VI6.0 Evaluation7.0 ConclusionBibliographyRelated Part I 1.0 Introduction Professional practice is turning into a central instructive encounter for understudies (May and Veitch, 1998). Colley, Hodkinson and Malcom, (2002) guarantee that professional practice and preparing helps the improvement of specialized abilities and information therefore expanding social capability inside the work environment. Lyle and Cushion (2010) states there is no replacement for experience with regards to hands on training, this conviction is upheld by Ericsson, (1998) whos research shows that at least ten years experience is required inside the field to exceed expectations to a specialist level of instructing. Vickers and Bavister (2005) proceed to guarantee that mentors who normally make progress while instructing are frequently the individuals who can think about their encounters from different occasions. This case is upheld by Schempp et al (2007) who accept that mentors who can mindfully break down and study the pieces of their meetings which were fruitful and those which were not and afterward make alterations where fundamental are the â€Å"outstanding† mentors. Before starting any type of professional arrangement it is pivotal to set out key points and destinations as this will permit you to asses exactly how effective the situation experience was and the amount you picked up from it. For my arrangement I set out three key points. These points are plainly spread out in segment 1.1 as observed beneath. 1.1 Goals for Placement To pick up hand on understanding while at the same time building up my down to earth abilities and implicit information. To get at any rate two contacts which I could use after college. To expand my own self-assurance when before others. 1.2 Goal Setting Right objective setting can improve center, constancy, certainty and execution however poor objective setting can make uneasiness and now and then prevent execution (Lynn, 2010). Each of the three of my position objectives adhere to the possibility of SMARTER objective setting, these are characterized by Finn, (2008) as â€Å"specific, quantifiable, feasible, sensible, time staged and re evaluated†. Lewis and Smith (1994) clarifies that a decent tip for mentors and competitors is to keep your objectives SMARTER as it is anything but difficult to recollect and makes your objectives progressively attainable. This case is upheld by Lynn (2010) who guarantees that is huge measures of writing that bolsters SMARTER objective setting. Weinberg and Gould (2003) guarantee that as a mentor it is imperative to make your objectives explicit as without a point you can lose intrigue and may not completely take a stab at the objective. It is additionally significant for the objective to be q uantifiable as without this there is no genuine drive for the mentor. Mentors should likewise accept their objectives are reachable and practical as this will help keep them persuaded to perform. Harter’s competency inspirational hypothesis concurs with this announcement, clarifying that more dominance endeavors will happen if there is early accomplishment inside the athlete’s objectives (Harter, 1981). It is likewise fundamental that mentors ensure objectives are sensible, if a competitor accepts the objective is unreasonable they are nearly ensured to fizzle (Martens, 2004). This conviction is upheld by Kidman and Hanrahan (2011) who state objectives must have a harmony between being testing yet additionally reasonable. Time should likewise be mulled over as without this the mentor won't drive themselves to accomplish it in the necessary time span. At long last the objectives a mentor focuses on ought to be investigated and assessed as this will assist them with maki ng changes during their objectives. During my arrangement I inspected my objectives through reflection. Cox, R, (2001) states objectives can be seen as being centered around result, execution, or procedure. Result objectives are characterized as objectives which essentially center around a general outcome. A case of this would be dominating a rugby match, or setting first in an opposition. Accordingly to effectively accomplish a result objective one must perform to their best as well as expectation they out play out their adversary. A case of this would be the point at which a football crew plays an hour and a half of football to their most ideal standard yet at the same time comes out on the losing group in light of the fact that the other group out performed them. Execution objectives anyway take a gander at the standard of ones execution. A case of this would be a golf player who doesn't win a competition yet has their most reduced round on that course. Examination proposes that objective setting is one of the most persuasive techniques for expanding inspiration and accomplishing objectives (Locke and Latham, 1985). In 1981 Locke consented an exhaustive audit of over a hundred examinations which found over 90% of cases brought about beneficial outcomes because of objective setting. 1.3 Curriculum Vitae and Covering Letter Before effectively looking for a professional situation, it was my business to right off the bat develop an educational plan vitae (CV) and a covering letter. A CV is critical while going after any type of position or professional practice as this is the first run through an imminent business will make an assessment of you. Houston (2004) bolsters this case, expressing that â€Å"a CV isn't the entire you yet only a sample of you and it is the primary open door for you to make a decent impression†. Provenzano, (2004) contends that a covering letter is in certainty progressively imperative to a CV as the covering letter permits the candidate to customize their application dissimilar to a CV. At the point when both the CV and covering letter were finished and spell checked for any mistakes it was then dependent upon me to get in contact with imminent bosses. As I have consistently had a distinct fascination for physical wellness and prosperity my first choice was to work in the military either with the illustrious naval force or the military as a fitness coach. 1.4 Potential Employers Because of working inside schools beforehand I had concluded that I needed to increase some experience somewhere else so I chose to take a games training and improvement course which drove me to another exceptionally solid energy, rugby. After I had settled on this choice it was simple for me to pick the sorts of organization I might want to work in. Right off the bat I sent my CV and covering letter to both the Rugby Football League (RFL) and the Rugby Football Union (RFU) as I include understanding inside the two codes. Luckily I immediately got word from the Cumbria Rugby Football League advancement group which expressed that they couldn't imagine anything better than to have a work experience understudy inside their positions. From this it was anything but difficult to settle on my choice and I started by answering to the RFL. Arranging early and acknowledging which bosses were accessible to me permitted me a lot of time to implement my alternate course of action of working insid e games advancement. Ntoumanis and Biddle (1997) clarify that possibility arranging is pre getting ready for issues inside training or rivalry and making an answer for these potential outcomes if any difficulties emerge. As in numerous schools, a significant segment of the work did by the RFL includes making individuals mindful of the medical advantages of physical movement and ensuring general society can see there are opportunities for them to use such exercises. By increasing a work arrangement inside Cumbria Rugby League improvement I believed I would get far more prominent hands on experience which would permit me to increase a considerably more remunerating professional practice, as juxtapose to working inside the military where I believe I would have taken a substantially more secondary lounge way to deal with the universe of work. This degree of direct experience is basic for me because of the idea of my three more astute objectives, as it would permit me to build my own fearlessness yet additionally permit me to create associations inside the universe of rugby group which I might use after college. Colley et al, (2002) would contend that just as these objectives it would likewise permit me t o create my own handy and specialized abilities which I include gained inside the study hall. Likewise by instructing kids in this games improvement situation it will permit me to work with offspring of any age with a scope of foundations and childhoods along these lines making the test of using abilities in a wide range of circumstances this would permit me to build up my implicit information. Knowles, Borrie and Telfer, (2005) would bolster this style of getting the hang of, proposing that compelling mentor learning depends on fitting utilization of unsaid experiential information and not simply formal hypothetical information about training instructional method, physiology or different collections of information. Part II 2.0 Coaching Literature Bompa, (1994) states that â€Å"coaching is a process†, Cross and Lyle (1999) bolster this case expressing that training in a â€Å"ongoing process†. Instructing isn't something that can be accomplished through two or three capabilities, the general procedure of training takes a long time to create and it is contended that mentors can generally improve in somehow (Kidman and Lambardo, 2010). Regardless of whether a mentor accepts they have completely accomplished their objectives they should consistently know about the training procedure and constantly endeavor to create (Kidman and Hanrahan, 2011). Self reflection is a crucial apparatus which mentors can use to additionally build up their own capacities (Kidman and Hanrahan, 2011). Cassidy et al., (2009) bolsters this announcement and cases there is â€Å"more than one strategy which can be used†. During my position I chose to utilize an intelligent log while utilizing the Gibbs cycle as a model of reflection as this technique permitted me to self ponder my own instructing practice every day. While working

Education for All Essay

Advanced education has deserted the picture of an American school populace highlighting overwhelmingly youngsters and ladies from princely, all around associated families. Being an understudy myself at age 50, I notice the decent variety in understudy socioeconomics. School speaks to a fresh start for the individuals who have been influenced by the ongoing prudent changes everywhere throughout the nation however for the most part in California. The perceivability of nontraditional understudies gaining a degree while raising families is typical. The accessibility of money related guide, grants, and government advance projects has opened university entryways for understudies of all pay levels and social foundations. I had numerous reservations concerning entering the instruction field such huge numbers of years in the wake of graduating secondary school. I had worries that I would not have the option to finish a selection test. In the article â€Å"College Entrance Examination Board† in the Encyclopedia of Education, Second Edition, The College Examination Board is the body that makes the broadly perceived school placement test alluded to as the Scholastic Assessment Test or SAT which is taken by one million understudies every year and is required for confirmation by numerous multi year schools and colleges (372). As indicated by the â€Å"Assessment Requirements† article on the site, California Colleges, most California Community Colleges require a position appraisal test to precisely put understudies in suitable classes dependent on each individual’s level of capacity. In the wake of taking the situation test for Mt San Jacinto Community College, I was flabbergasted at the straightforwardness of the test itself. Nonetheless, my perusing and perception is still school level and obvious to me since I have been out of school since 1979, the test demonstrated that I would require some therapeutic math and language structure. Since turning into an understudy in a California school I have gotten mindful of a few things. As per the Postsecondary Education Commissions article â€Å"Admission and residency requirements† on the site California Postsecondary Education Commission, by law all California Community Colleges are required to concede any California inhabitant who moved on from secondary school. What's more, junior colleges may concede people who have not graduated however are more than 18 years of age and can profit by the guidance advertised. The Commission article further states California Community Colleges serve 1. million understudies each year and a California inhabitant may go to any junior college grounds in the state. As per article â€Å"California High School Exit Examination,† on the site California Department of Education, in California all secondary school understudies must breeze through an assessment to acquire a secondary school recognition, the test itself is known as the CAHSEE. I further examined this test, and found another article alluding to the CAHSEE called â€Å"Help with the California High School Exit Exam† on the site San Diego County Office of Education. In which the San Diego County Office of Education sketched out the segments of the CAHSEE test. I was completely stunned. The test covers the educational program of the courses I was set in the wake of taking the arrangement test at Mt San Jacinto Community College. I comprehend the arrangement of somebody who has been out of school for more than 30 years, yet what I totally don't comprehend are the measure of understudies in indistinguishable classes from I am who are recently out of secondary school. Something is certainly off-base. I have found that California Community Colleges are the mixture for understudies that didn’t make it in secondary school and now are occupying room in the biggest instruction framework in the state. Truth be told, with the spending cuts in the State of California influencing class accessibility in the junior colleges, getting the essential classes for each student’s instructive objective is testing. I got an email from Enrollment Services at Mt. San Jacinto Community College, titled â€Å"Policy Changes Effective Summer 2012,† its substance upset me. Essentially, it is restricting the occasions every understudy can take a class to get a passing evaluation. That implies that the understudy can take up to three semesters and get budgetary guide, occupy work area room, attempting to get through a class that before this change, the class could be taken multiple occasions to accomplish a passing evaluation. This strategy was embraced by the Board of Governors of the California Community Colleges to â€Å"ensure that however many understudies as could be expected under the circumstances are given the chance to get to a postsecondary education†. There is a hole between leaving secondary school and entering junior college. There are Adult Education Centers in each network and these schools ought to be used for those understudies who don’t have school level perusing appreciation abilities. There ought to be a referral source and a retesting game plan for understudies that can't peruse. This has been the most disappointing component of coming back to school. The understudies that out of the blue didn't complete secondary school and don't have sufficient perusing appreciation aptitudes ought not occupy room in the advanced education field. A scaffold should be made to help these people to coordinate them into school. The evaluation position test places understudies underneath tenth grade perusing and appreciation capacities in therapeutic courses. Junior colleges are giving classes that are not school level, which removes study hall accessibility for understudies moving towards a degree, or authentication program. Class accessibility is a twofold issue, the quantity of understudy attempting to take a crack at school that don’t have the school level abilities and the understudies taking on school attempting to acquire their college classes to move to a multi year school or college. The therapeutic classes I returned my first semester to school didn't tally towards my school units required for a degree. In any case, it was hard to enroll for these classes because of the rare accessibility and the quantity of understudies attempting to enlist for these equivalent courses. There is an immense advantage to the understudy taking these classes. In addition to the fact that it improves understanding perception and math aptitudes, however it trains note taking and supports better examination propensities. At last these two things are enormously imperative to being effective in school. Utilizing the network Adult Education Centers for Basic English, math or English as a Second language is a piece of the arrangement. The following is change the junior college entrance â€Å"Accuplacer Test† to an increasingly advanced â€Å"Entrance Exam† equipped towards school level capacity. In addition to the fact that this would make more study halls accessible at the junior college level however expanded class accessibility for the kind of classes meeting the particular needs of the understudy. In the article by David Olson â€Å"Education is key subject of Riverside White House summit† from The Press-Enterprise, the rate breakdown of people with a bachelor’s qualification is 13 percent Hispanic, 31 percent white and 50 percent are Asians (A1+). Olsen further expresses that almost a large portion of the Inland area’s inhabitants and 60 percent of its younger students are Hispanic and fall a long ways behind their schoolmates in instructive accomplishment (A1+). This is incredibly ascribed to the language hindrance. English as a subsequent language doesn't convey higher education units. I accept that understudies who need this sort of guidance could get it similarly too in an Adult Education setting. As per the article by Joanna Lin, â€Å"Expanding access to education,† in The Press-Enterprise, the Riverside Unified School District, presented a state wide voting form activity that would give understudies unhindered access to openly supported courses (A1+). This activity would not constrain the entrance to the courses by Zip code. The courses are known as the A-G necessities, required by California State University and University of California for affirmation. Approaching these college classes through the Riverside Virtual School is another answer for the congestion at junior colleges. Lin further expresses that entrance to these courses could be through the student’s secondary school or through any freely subsidized school. The kind of classes could be on the web, homeroom based or a mixed model of both (A1+). As per the article â€Å"Budget Cuts Affect California Community Colleges† on the site Purpose of Education, a state spending cut is influencing in excess of 21,000 undergrads in California. Understudies that would have taken a crack at a California State College are currently looking for college classes at the junior college level. Because of the congestion in the junior colleges this understudy populace is making some troublesome memories getting to their classes. As indicated by Lin’s article in The Press-Enterprise, the Riverside Virtual School would help with making college classes accessible. Lin further expresses this activity approaches the State of California to adjust its school financing to subsidizing dependent on courses finished instead of on normal participation permitting numerous foundations to part financing for a similar understudy (A+). It is my conviction that in attempting to help understudies whose instructive capacity is not exactly the rules important to make progress in junior college, the Department of Education is precluding the gauge from securing understudies who can accomplish a degree and offer back to society in the design that underpins advanced education. Using Adult Schools is an answer for this issue. Each individual has an option to instruction; California law with respect to one side to everybody more than 18 years old can try out a junior college and get training is a proactive and positive commitment to the advancement of society in general. My contention exists in the parameters of the appraisal proce

Should Workplace Drug Testing of Employees Be Allowed

Should Workplace Drug Testing of Employees Be Allowed Addiction Drug Use Print Should Workplace Drug Testing Be Allowed? By Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Elizabeth Hartney, BSc, MSc, MA, PhD is a psychologist, professor, and Director of the Centre for Health Leadership and Research at Royal Roads University, Canada. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Updated on February 07, 2020 Kelvin Murray/Taxi/Getty Images More in Addiction Drug Use Cocaine Heroin Marijuana Meth Ecstasy/MDMA Hallucinogens Opioids Prescription Medications Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery Recent developments in medical technology have paved the way for workplace drug testing, to find out whether someone has recently used a drug. But should workplace drug testing of employees by their employers be allowed? Background While stereotypical drug users may be unemployed and homeless, with the inability to exert any self-control, the reality is that some of the most highly educated and respected occupations are at high risk of alcohol and drug use, including physicians, lawyers, and all manner of shift workers.?? It is becoming increasingly evident that substance users permeate all sectors of society. And the reasons for their drug use are complex, with drug use often being spurred on by unrealistic expectations by employers for workers to cope with extended stress and lengthy shifts. Guidelines for Federal Workplace Drug Testing So there are two opposing agendas at stake hereâ€"the health and safety agenda, ensuring that people in positions of responsibility are clean and sober, and the civil liberties agenda, emphasizing individual freedom, the right to privacy and protection from discrimination. Pros Workplace drug testing encourages greater responsibility among workers who may cause harm to themselves or others by working under the influence. Would be comfortable if the following professionals were working under the influence of alcohol or other drugs?The midwife delivering your babyThe pilot flying the plane youre onThe bus driver taking your child to schoolThe construction worker building your houseThe truck driver tailgating you on the highwayThe surgeon operating on you, your spouse, or your child Workplace drug testing can help identify employees in need of help with their substance use. Because people with addictions are often highly secretive and deceitful, drug testing circumvents the need for honest self-reporting, which is highly unreliable when people have a lot to lose; in this case, potentially, both their livelihood and their reputation. When proper informed consent procedures are followed, workplace drug testing acts as a deterrent to people who might otherwise experiment with, or regularly use alcohol or drugs.?? Workplace drug testing has the potential to greatly enhance health and safety in the workplace. Testing discourages people from abusing substances and thereby suffering any ill health effects and reducing the likelihood of accidents and injuries related to working under the influence.?? How Accurate Are Drug Tests? Cons Workplace drug testing is an invasion of peoples basic privacy. Taken out of context, and with all responsibility placed on the employee, drug testing at work also does not take into account the pressures that the work environment may place on employees. These pressures can include: Workplace hierarchies and bullying which drug testing could exacerbateInsufficient support for managing work-related stressLong shifts, particularly those requiring disruption to normal sleep cycles Drug testing at work could fail to take into account the mental health problems of people with addictions. Rather than being offered the appropriate treatment, people who test positive on drug tests are at risk of being fired without compensation and may be ineligible for welfare or other social assistance. This will create or compound a marginalized underclass of disenfranchised citizens who have even less incentive to quit their addiction. When a persons entire livelihood, reputation, and future rests on the outcome of a drug test, its imperative that test results are accurate. Employees need to be able to defend a positive test, which might be accounted for by other factors such as a pot-smoking roommate, a spiked drink, a poppy-seed bagel, or a prescription or over-the-counter medication. Workplace drug testing should be a justifiable course of action rather than a routine screen used to discriminate against alcohol or drug-using employees. Although employers may have value judgments about the use of alcohol and drugs, as long as they are not being consumed on the premises, employees are not coming to work under the influence, or alcohol or drug use is interfering with the completion of work, alcohol and drug use is part of the employees private life. Resolution There is no denying that workplace drug testing offers an objective and generally accurate way to establish the truth of someones drug use. In situations where the employee has a responsibility for the safety and/or welfare of others, and the employer has a responsibility to ensure the employees competence, there is a strong argument for workplace drug testing being carried out.?? However, if workplace drug testing is to be carried out, there are some basic ethical principles that need to be in place to avoid violation of the rights of the employee. These include, but are not limited to: Informed consent.  The employee needs to know, ideally prior to taking the job, that abstinence is an expectation, and the workplace drug testing is planned.Confidentiality.  The employees privacy must be respected, including whether workplace drug testing has taken place as well as the result and consequences.Reasonable expectations.  Employees ability to cope with stressful work experiences, such as exposure to traumatic or stressful events, such as caring for sick and dying people, large numbers of difficult clients, extended screen time, and excessively lengthy or changeable shifts, should be assessed.Defending a positive test. Repeat tests  should be conducted when a workplace drug test is positive, and employees should be given the opportunity to explain a positive drug test result.Getting help. Provision of  addiction counseling and/or rehab  should be offered in positive drug test cases.??Support. For example, in  transitioning to more suitable employment  if appropriate.Just ification. There should be  a clear  justification  of the relevance of workplace drug testing to the situation. It is a different issue entirely for an employer to test an employee when their drug use has no relevance to their job or responsibilities. In conclusion, drug testing in the workplace should ideally be used to enhance the health and safety of employees and those receiving services.?? They should not be used to further marginalize drug users, by cutting off their access to employment or social welfare. People with positive results must be treated with dignity and respect, and be supported rather than shamed; this is the only way we will avoid the misuse of workplace drug testing to discriminate. That will further establish an underclass of poverty, homelessness, unemployment, criminality, and substance abuse among those found to have positive results. How Workplace Drug Testing Works

The Legal Drinking Age Should Remain At 21 Essay - 1848 Words

Why 21? When it comes to an alcohol safety policy, the United States has never attracted more research and public attention than the minimum legal drinking age (MLDA). In the U.S., the legal drinking age is one of the highest worldwide. The MLDA of 21 is to control traffic fatalities, protect young teens from killing themselves while driving under the influence, and prevent damage medically to a developing brain of a young adult. Many Americans believe that the drinking age of 21 has not stopped teen binge drinking events in uncontrolled environments; however, studies have shown that teens have not yet reached an age where they can handle alcohol responsibly, thus the drinking age should remain at 21. History and Status of the Legal Drinking Age. For many years, the debate about the legal drinking age has been prolonged. In the mid-1930s, under the 21st Amendment, the federal law to drink was age 21; however, states were given the option to set their own legal drinking age. During the 1970s, 30 states had a legal drinking age ranging from 18 to 20. Ten years in, the death toll rose from 10 to 40 percent in states that had lowered their drinking age (Barnhill, 2014). After many observations of traffic accidents involving drunk teenagers, the organization Mothers Against Drunk Driving or (MADD) acted by educating the public of the dangers of drunk driving, and to speak for stronger drunk driving laws. This received so much publicity that President Reagan signed a bill intoShow MoreRelatedMinimum Legal Drinking Age Should Remain at the Age of 21 Essay1310 Words   |  6 PagesWithout a doubt, the United States has been facing serious national problems with underage drinking. Depend ing on personal ideologies, some people might not agree that the current minimum drinking age of twenty-one is based on scientific facts rather then ideology of prohibitionism. For example, since 1975 over seventeen thousand lives have been saved since the minimum legal drinking age (MLDA) was changed to age twenty-one (Balkin 167). This shows that even over a short amount of time, a higher MLDARead MoreThe Drinking Age Should Remain 18 in Australia1563 Words   |  7 PagesThe Drinking Age Should Remain 18 Years Old in Australia The Drinking Age Should Remain 18 Years Old in Australia These days there are a number of social issues in the community, such as drug abuse, teenage pregnancy and alcohol abuse. Alcohol abuse is rampant in today’s society, Australian Drug Foundation states that, â€Å"Alcohol is the most widely used psychoactive, or mood-changing, recreational drug in Australia.†(Healey, 2002, p. 11). Underage drinking and binge drinking are some of the problemsRead MoreThe Minimum Drinking Age Act1700 Words   |  7 PagesMinimum Drinking Age Act made all 50 states raise the legal drinking age to 21(Dejong). 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The belief is if the adolescent brain has not matured enough to support alcohol use by age 21, it cannot make the responsible decisions required at 18 years of age. Voters should make the decision toRead MoreEssay about Debate Over the Legal Drinking Age1735 Words   |  7 PagesOver the Legal Drinking Age College life is filled with changes. It is filled with many new experiences. As college students, we are on our own, adults. As adults we are responsible for keeping up to date on information that affects us. One issue that affects college students nation wide is drinking. The current legal drinking age in the United States is twenty-one years of age. The Federal government raised the legal drinking age from 18 to 21 in 1984. Even with the current drinking age at twenty-oneRead MoreThe Problems of Underage Drinking Essay526 Words   |  3 Pagescontroversy of underage drinking has been a serious and difficult issue for many colleges, communities, and parents over the past several years. Fifty states in the U.S have already set their minimum alcohol drinking and purchasing age to twenty one. Yet many people, especially teenagers, oppose this legal drinking age and want it to be lowered. Nevertheless, the legal drinking age should not be lowered from twenty one to eighteen because of three main reasons. The higher minimum drinking age can help reduceRead MoreQuicker Liquor Essay1506 Words   |  7 PagesShould We Lower the Drinking Age? | 18 vs. 21 | â€Å"Quicker Liquor† A Short Research Paper Should the legal drinking age be lowered? Those who supported the change for the 2009 re-authorization of the law (dubbed Pro 18), and those who wanted the law to remain at the current age of 21 (dubbed Pro 21), had three major categories to explore for this debate: safety, binge drinking and maturity. There is opposition and support on both sides of the issue including a coalition founded in

African American Leader Malcolm X - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 431 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/03/25 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: Malcolm X Essay Did you like this example? In 1946, Malcolm X and his friends were arrested of burglary, while Malcolm X was sentenced to 10 years in prison, but he was released on parole seven years after serving his sentence. During these seven years, Malcolm’s family and friends mentioned to him a Muslim religion, that advocated African Americans to self-reliance, which religious organization made Malcolm X interested. He decided to wrote to the leader of the Nation of Islam, Elijah Muhammad, but he spent seven years in prison, he found that he did not have enough words to write letters, so he began to read hard. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "African American Leader: Malcolm X" essay for you Create order He particularly praised Mao Zedong, because Mao Zedong advocated a violent revolution like him. Because there was a weekly debate in the prison, it makes Malcolm X became an outstanding speaker. After parole, since Malcolm X had already contacted Elijah in prison, Elijah appreciated him and let him become a pastor. He believed that Elijah was a saint in religion and morality. Malcolm X set an example for himself, proclaimed Islam to everyone, and he won the warm support of the African Americans. With his efforts, he soon became one of the leaders of the Nation of Islam. In 1963, Elijah Muhammad was accused by two Muslim female secretaries, saying that he was the father of four of their children. Malcolm X never thought that the saint who was enshrined by the African Americans had committed adultery. For his conscience and justice, he decided to leave Elijah Muhammad and the Nation of Islam. Martin Luther King and Malcolm X were two prominent African American leaders in the mid-20th century Civil Rights Movement, all of whom were assassinated at the age of 39. Martin Luther King advocates a nonviolent resistance, while Malcolm X advocates a violent resistance. However, the differences of thought between Martin Luther King and Malcolm X, only reflect the difference in the means of struggle. This two men led the Civil Rights Movement in the South and the North respectively, they jointly promoted the development of the Civil Rights Movement, and they make unremitting efforts for freedoms and equal rights of African Americans. After leaving the Nation of Islam, Malcolm X knew that he could not live for a long time, and he thought he had done his best for his people. His speech The Ballot or the Bullet was published on April 3, 1964. Just 10 months after the speech was published, on February 21, 1965, Malcolm X delivered a speech at the Audubon Ballroom in Manhattan, three gunmen suddenly rushed onstage and shot him with 15 times at close range. At this day, Malcolm X died.

Analysis Of Elizabeth I s Speech - 975 Words

The subject of gender appears as one of the main topics these three samples of Elizabeth I’s speeches. While she commonly mentions gender to sound humble and motherly, she also combines her gender with her knowledge to drive her points when explaining or avoiding topics, influencing the people’s opinion, and rallying the people. Some of these ideas have been captured in her portraits. Elizabeth uses her gender and knowledge to make herself appear as a humble queen who knows she does not deserve the crown while still using this information to her advantage. Right at the beginning of her Speech to the Commons, Elizabeth explains that, â€Å"The weight and greatness of this matter might cause in me, being a woman wanting both wit and memory, some fear to speak and bashfulness besides, a thing appropriate to my sex. But yet the princely seat and kingly throne wherein God (though unworthy) hath constituted me†¦Ã¢â‚¬  She uses this tactic to explain why she cannot answer Parliament’s concern about her single state. She also mentions â€Å"a philosopher whose deeds upon this occasion I remember better than his name†¦Ã¢â‚¬  By using this philosopher’s deeds and her gender, Elizabeth creates a solid argument. While it is possible that she did forget the philosopher’s name, pretending to have forgotten his name would have also strengthened her argument of using her gender to stay her answer. She also shows humility in The â€Å"Golden Speech† when she speaks about the Lower House discovering the harmShow MoreRelated Analysis of film Shakespeare in Love Essay1158 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis of film Shakespeare in Love The film Shakespeare in Love shows that even in the 21st century Elizabethan drama impacts its audience as it did in the 1500s. 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ItRead MoreLeadership Is Not Changed Over The Course Of Time952 Words   |  4 Pagesa compare and contrast method of analysis, one can glean the common traits of a leader from Shakespeare’s Macbeth, Thomas More’s Utopia, and Queen Elizabeth’s speech to the Spanish Armada. Leadership can be defined as a person who is able to relate to their subjects, accept their responsibilities as a leader, and has a following of supportive people. In Queen Elizabeth’s speech to her troops at Tilbury, she evinces her positive leadership ability. Queen Elizabeth was well known, by the public, forRead MoreFrankenstein Major Works Data Sheet Essay1125 Words   |  5 PagesHistorical background: Europe in the early 1800’s was not ideal, but it was evolving.    Upper class men held the power in many governments, including England’s, while women were considered to be of a much lower social standing. Women held few rights and had few choices in life. Most of them just served the men in their lives including fathers, brothers, and husbands. Society as a whole in Europe suffered from famine and typhus disease in the early 1800’s. Characteristics of the Genre: Gothicism:Read MorePride And Prejudice By Jane Austen1285 Words   |  6 PagesPride and Prejudice Analysis I.Introduction Jane Austen wrote her novels during the time period known as the Regency. The Enlightenment and the Age of Reason, a time where ideas like democracy, secularism, and the rise of developing sciences were making their way across Europe had come to an end.It was replaced with the wave of horror that was the French Revolution, a once minor revolt that escalated into a violent war, concluding with the rise of Napoleon, which whom England fought against the majorityRead MoreSignificant Improvement : Things That I Have Learned From English 10101105 Words   |  5 PagesImprovement: Things that I have Learned from English 1010 Have I improved from when the class started to now? Or have I remained the same or worse have I become a worse writer and reader? These are questions that need to be answered by a self-reflection and evaluation. One must always set goals and analyze their growth or the lack thereof. The analysis of progress helps show how far one has come, and it also helps the rate of improvement accelerate. 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Elk Island Essay Research Paper The field free essay sample

Elk Island Essay, Research Paper The field trip to Elk Island Park taken by both biological science 20 categories was an interesting and fun twenty-four hours. We learnt about many different types of works and carnal life in different ecosystems and how they contribute to their ecosystem. The two chief ecosystems we looked at in item were the fen and the bog. We look at and recorded facts about the abiotic and biotic factors in the country to better understand the importance of these ecosystems. The first thing we learnt about was some of the biotic animate being? s insects and H2O animals found in the park. In the amphitheater we were able to see the different types of animate beings found in the park, how we were expected to move around the animate beings and how they live in their environment. We talked about the bison found in the park and how we should remain a safe distance off from them. We will write a custom essay sample on Elk Island Essay Research Paper The field or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page We so saw a movie on the insects, workss, amphibious vehicles, and animate beings found in the fen. The intent of this was to assist us to be able to place these invertebrates in the H2O and to state us how they are of import to their ecosystem. These invertebrates found in the fen are a portion of a long and complicated nutrient web found in that little ecosystem. The workss, animate beings, insects, and amphibians autumn into the first three phases of the nutrient web, which in bend start the nutrient concatenation. Plants in the fen are eaten by the insects, which are eaten by other insects and amphibious vehicles. Our occupation was to place these animals and put them into a class ( manufacturers, consumers, and secondary consumers ) harmonizing to how they live in the fen. As a group we were able to catch many of these invertebrates present in the fen. We caught H2O boaters, Phoxinus phoxinuss, snails, caddisfly larva, H2O striders, leaches, whirligig beetle, and fresh H2O runt. The nutrient concatenation found in the fen started with algae and other works life found in the H2O. Insects like the H2O boater, Phoxinus phoxinuss, snails, and caddisfly larva eat the algae. These insects are eaten by other insects and amphibious vehicles like H2O striders, leaches, top beetles, and fresh water runt. This is the beginning of a long and complicated nutrient concatenation. Our group was besides personally shown how an insect like the caddisfly larva makes its place to camouflage itself. This version gives the caddisfly an advantage and its species is able to remain in being. After tiffin we went to the bog and took portion in three activities. The first activity was an experiment that proved that moss hold about the sum of H2O if non more H2O than a sponge. The 2nd activity was to see if a murphy was preserved after it had been left in the land for two hebdomads. Amazingly it was still steadfast and no cast was turning on it. Next we took the pH and temperature of the dirt. We found the bog to be really acidic and cold. We concluded that the bog Acts of the Apostless like icebox and is able to continue things because of the sourness of the dirt. This explained why mas are found in bogs. We so look at some of the of the works life found in the bog. The workss we found were reindeer lichen, Labrador tea, peat moss moss, polytrichum moss, bog cranberry, and dry land cranberry. These workss are suited for a bog because the can move as dielectrics for the dirt and retain H2O easy. This is why big trees are non found in bogs. Elk Island Park was and was great learning experience for the people who were able to see the importance behind the different ecosystems. The existent study made us believe about how the ecosystems operate. We learnt why certain species and works life are found within that ecosystem and what their intent is in the ecosystem. The cognition gained from the field trip makes it possible for us to see how and why the universe operates in the manner it does. This cognition shows us why the small things in nature are of import. Now it is up to us to continue and protect these topographic points where the animate beings and workss within them are the beginnings of all life on Earth.

Corruption And Graft Essays - Gilded Age, U.S. Steel,

Corruption and Graft Following Reconstruction in the war torn South, and the Sioux Wars in the West, America was enjoying an industrialization period unlike any other. Nearly gone was the frontier, industries coming in, with men gaining unheard of wealth, and having leverage in many affairs. With the Robber Barons in control over the nation's economy, and men like Oakes Ames, Leland Stanford, and William Boss Tweed, what occurred is that corruption and graft greatly influenced American industry and business between 1860 to 1900. However, labor organizations such as the Knights of Labor and AFL made steps in labor reforms and other government laws attempted to limit monopolies. Undoubtedly, the Robber Barons were the most influential in the corruption of industries during the 1860's to 1900's. The Robber Barons or Captains of Industry consisted of J.P. Morgan, Cornelius Vanderbilt, Jay Gould, Andrew Carnegie, and John Rockefeller. With the aid of graft and bribery, Vanderbilt made his fortune in railroads. Gould was Vanderbilt's fiercest competitor, and with an unwitting President Grant, Jay Gould was able to manipulate the gold market, driving prices down and causing Black Friday (1869) that produced a depression that lasted for years. By the 1890's, many of the railroad lines were near bankruptcy stemming from terrible economic conditions and tough competition. J.P. Morgan, the banker's banker, went in and by 1900, owned half of America's track mileage. Since his friends owned the rest, they were able to set railroad rates in the country, thereby cheating the customer. In another landmark that year, U.S. Steel was born, the first billion-dollar company by anti-union Andrew Carnegie and Morgan. John D. Rockefeller made his cash in the booming oil business. With a group of partners, he started the South Improvement Company. The company was extremely corrupt and soon saw its end. Rockefeller then formed Standard Oil of Cleveland in 1870. The company used sabotage and bribery to get ahead. Rockefeller went on to build a monopoly by issuing trusts and without worrying about breaking anti-monopoly laws. Attempts at reform were and in 1890, Congress passed the Sherman Anti-Trust Act for the purpose of protecting trade against unlawful restraints but the act later proved to lose effectiveness. Moreover, the United States government was embarrassed by scandals in their government. Following the building of the first Transcontinental railroad, Americans were not proud to know that their government was cheated out of millions of dollars by congressman, Oakes Ames, and both the Union Pacific and Central Pacific. After the Credit Mobilier Scandal of 1872, the Whiskey Ring Scandal reached the White House and as did the corruption in the Bureau of Indian Affairs. Under Grant's administration graft and corruption was widespread. Consequently, after experiencing poor working conditions, pay cuts, and other problems, many workers decided to organize and strike to improve their livelihood. While Robber Baron Andrew Carnegie was in Scotland, one of his managers, Henry Frick, induced a strike at Homestead, Pennsylvania. Pinkerton guards were bought in to protect the strikebreakers, after a battle with the guards, twenty people were left dead. This was a vigorous union defeat. In 1886, The Knights of Labor were involved in a strike in Chicago. After strikebreakers were attacked by strikers, police fired at the crowds killing six and wounding more. The following day, several thousand people gathered at Haymarket Square to protest the police activity. A bomb wa later thrown killing seven officers and finally slowly bringing the demise of the Noble Order of The Knights of Labor. However, the American Federation of Labor was later introduced and successfully operated by Samuel Gompers. Accordingly, William Mercy Tweed or Boss came to rule New York City during the 1860's and 1870's. From his outpost at Tammany Hall, a Democratic political machine, he gained control by getting votes repaid from befriended immigrants. In all, Tweed stole about 100 million from New York's treasury. The club's political and economic impact was felt right into the twentieth century. Finally, Robber Barons made ridiculous amounts of cash at the expense of the average worker. Labor organizations were formed and saw some success. After a scandalous Grant administration, other Presidents came and tried to fix the monopoly problem facing the Robber Baron's competitors. Closing the century, Americans look

Discussing Hobbies Lesson Plan

Discussing Hobbies Lesson Plan This lesson focuses on one of the most common topics of discussion in class: Hobbies. Unfortunately, the topic of hobbies is often introduced without a lot of follow-up beyond a superficial discussion. This is most likely due to the fact that students lack the vocabulary needed to discuss hobbies in any meaningful detail. Use this lesson to first teach students the names of various hobbies, and then to delve more deeply into the individual hobbies. Use the linked resources in class by printing out the referenced pages by clicking on the printer icon in the upper right-hand corner of each page. They key to a successful discussion of hobbies is to make sure that students are allowed to explore the various steps involved in participating in a hobby. One of the best ways to do this is to develop a group project focusing on teaching other students about a new hobby. To do this well, students will need to learn new vocabulary, choose a new hobby - perhaps by exploring a hobby quiz online - break up the hobby into various phrases or tasks, and provide instructions for a slideshow that will be presented as a group to the class. Aim: Encourage deeper discussions of the specifics of a wide range of hobbies Activity: Hobby vocabulary expansion, review of imperative forms, written instructions, development of a slide show Level: Intermediate to advanced level classes Outline Choose one of your favorite hobbies and provide the instructions on how to participate in a specific phase of the hobby. Make sure to not mention the name of the hobby as students should guess which hobby you are describing.On the whiteboard, write down categories of hobbies. Solicit as many names of specific activities/hobbies that belong to each category.In order to help students learn specific names of hobbies, use this hobby vocabulary resource to help students expand their list of hobbies.Ask students to choose one new hobby from the list. Its a good idea to use an online quiz to help students choose a hobby they will find interesting, as well as learn related vocabulary that they will find useful in the future. Search on the phrase choosing a hobby quiz and youll find a wide variety of quizzes.Once students have selected a hobby, encourage them to visit a site dedicated to the hobby they have chosen. About.com has a wide selection of excellent hobby guides.Ask students to colle ct the following information for they hobby the have chosen:Skills RequiredEquipment RequiredEstimated Cost Review the imperative form as used for giving instructions. Provide an example of your own such as playing volleyball, writing a poem, building a model, etc. Its best to choose one phase of the hobby, rather than trying to provide instructions to the hobby in general (people write entire books on that!). Make sure to use the imperative form in your description.Ask students to describe the various phases in their chosen hobby. For example for building a model:Choosing a Model To BuildSetting up Your WorkspaceGluing Pieces TogetherPainting Your ModelTools to UseEach student of each group then provides steps to achieving the specific task/phase using the imperative form.Once each phase description has been described, ask students to find photos/pictures using a Creative Commons resources such as Flikr, Free Clip Art site, etc.Create a PowerPoint or other slideshow with just one slide for each phrase/task of the hobby.Have students present their chosen hobby to the rest of the class usin g the slideshow theyve created with each student using the instructions theyve developed for their respective slides.

Gibb's Model of Reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Gibb's Model of Reflection - Essay Example This model can be contrasted to Rolfe’s reflective model which seeks to have three questions: what, so what and now what, answered. Although Rolfe’s model seems to be more structured than Gibb’s, it is shallower. I chose Gibb’s model over Rolfe’s because it is more comprehensive and offers one the chance to examine the best actions to undertake if and when faced with a similar situation. The first step in Gibb’s model is a description of events. What follows here is a description of events. During my clinical practice I was working in a hospital ward designated for the elderly, I admitted a patient who was unconscious. This particular patient was an 81-year old married woman who had had a cerebro -vascular accident, (CVA) a few years prior to the day of admission. The patient could breathe independently though with difficulty. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner indicated that the woman was suffering from brain cancer and the cancer had already covered a large part of the brain. The patient’s husband did not have full comprehension of his wife’s health at that particular moment, and he could not easily accept the doctor’s observation that she had a terminal illness. The doctors did not divulge information regarding the patient’s chances of living. The second stage of Gibbs model of reflection is self awareness in terms of feelings and thoughts. My first thoughts about the even were based on the fact that the patient needed immediate medical attention, but she was incapacitated to make any medical decisions for herself. Not only had she lost physical control of her body, she was not in any position to make clear decisions. The patient could not speak hence she could not make a decision concerning her treatment; neither did she understand the potential risks associated as she was unconscious. When the staff nurse reported to the husband the severity of his wife’s illness, he did not want to accept the fact that his wife might die at any time. I felt that the medical practitioners should have considered the patient’s husband’s position before making any medical decisions for the patient. For the most part, I empathized with the patient and thought how sad I would feel if I had the same illness and not be able to contribute to my own treatment. Empathy can be described as the ability of being able to relate to what another person is feeling or going through (Randall and Downie, 2010). I felt relieved by the presence of a qualified nurse who could assist in the personal care of the patient. However, I kept wondering if Mrs. Smith would have approved of the doctors’ and nurses’ actions were she able to make her own decisions. Stage three of Gibbs model is the evaluation stage, in which judgement is made based on the events that occurred. In my evaluation, the patient received very good treatment, medically. The patient was treated w ith respect, dignity and the best possible care; however, her nearest relative was not treated with as much concern. The husband of the patient was not fully aware of his wife’s condition, and he did not understand the serious state of his wife’s illness. When he was told of her condition, he did not seem to want to accept the fact that she was seriously ill, and it was for this reason that the doctors kept him in the dark regarding her chances of living. I agreed with the doctor’s decision to keep the husband not fully informed of his wife’

Compile an Annotated Bibliography Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Compile an Annotated Bibliography - Coursework Example He developed the questionnaire, which focused on measuring the different that exist between these two generation regarding the above motivational factors. The participants were from three different departments of a Turkey bank. The findings of Acar’s study demonstrated that the two motivational factors had the same importance for the respondents. Acar, thus, argues that same factors can be motivational to the Generation Y as similar levels as Generation X. However, Acar’s study did not consider the educational structure of the participants. This is essential in investigating the relationship between these generations and other variables including the organizational procedures, culture, values, and management style. Costanza, D., Badger, J., Fraser, R., Severt, J., & Gade, P. (2012). Generational Differences in Work-Related Attitudes: A Meta-analysis. Journal of Business & Psychology, 27(4), 375-394. doi:10.1007/s10869-012-9259-4 Costanza et al. (2012) argue that researchers, organizations, and practitioners are interested in the variations that exist among generations on a number of outcomes. Thus, their study focuses on quantitatively assessing the research on generational variations in work-related attitudes as well as providing a guidance into the future practice and research. Costanza and colleagues performed a meta-analysis of the generational variation on three work-related criteria. These included organizational commitment, job satisfaction and intent to turnover. In addition, they reviewed research studies, both published and unpublished. They found that twenty of the studies allowed for eighteen generational pairwise comparisons through the four generations including Generation X, Baby Boomers, Traditional, and Millennial. Their findings demonstrated a relationship, which is moderate to small that exist between the work-related outcomes and generational membership. Sparks (2012) reports the differences existing in generational psychological job

Some Knowledge Is Discovered And Others Are Invented Philosophy Essay

Some Knowledge Is Discovered And Others Are Invented Philosophy Essay The question how do we evolve knowledge? is a debate in philosophy older to human existence. Philosophers differ on the source of knowledge. Some say that reasoning is a way to acquire knowledge while others say that perception is the way to get knowledge. Art, ethics and math are some of the areas of knowledge. The major argument is on whether these areas of knowledge are discovered or invented. Mathematics and ethics use reasoning as the way to have knowledge whereas art is concerned with perception and the perception leads to experience. Giving arguments and counter arguments for determining whether laws in physics, art and ethics are invented or discovered. Epistemology is an important area of philosophy dealing with the theory of knowledge. It focuses on determining what is true knowledge and how do we receive the true knowledge. The word knowledge is known in different ways such as understanding, recognizing, grasping etc. According to the tripartite theory of knowledge which is the most popular account of knowledge, there are three conditions in order to possess knowledge. They are belief, truth and justification. Belief is the first condition for knowledge. Even if something is true, and one has excellent reasons for believing that it is true, one cannot know it without believing it. (Dawkins). Truth means conformity with reality. If a thing is known, it must be true because false cannot be known and therefore, knowledge must be of truth. The third condition for knowledge is justification. In order to know a thing, it is not enough to merely believe it; one must also have a good reason for doing so. (The Tripartite Theory of Knowled ge). Knowledge can be received by two sources and they are known as empiricism and rationalism. There is a constant debate in philosophy on derivation of knowledge, whether knowledge is empirical or rational. In the philosophy of science, empiricism is a theory of knowledge which emphasizes those aspects of scientific knowledge that are closely related to experience, especially as formed through deliberate experimental arrangements. (Empiricism). Empiricism says that knowledge is obtained through senses and without senses we cannot understand knowledge. The theory rationalism is quite different from empiricism postulating that reason is the source for knowledge. In the view of philosophers who support the theory of rationalism, in the acquisition of knowledge holds three types of knowledge. First one is the possession of the innate knowledge and they strongly say that innate knowledge is absolutely different from sense knowledge. Second type of knowledge is the truth of logic, mathematic or ethical truth. For example, one plus one is two and it is the mathematical truth. It is true and it cannot be other. So also, there is logical necessity drawn through the deduction and induction methods in the acquisition of knowledge. Thirdly, the rationalists say that even though there are truths which are grounded in experience, reasoning is important in the derivation of knowledge. For example, if two persons see a sunflower at a time, their understanding and perception about the flower will be different. This shows that there is reasoning among them in order to judge the beauty of the flower. Through reasoning we come to mathematical knowledge. Mathematical principles are not discovered but are invented. Here, we solve a problem with the help of a formula. We use our rationale in applying the formula in order to solve the problem. Mathematics is an invention according to the Formalists and Intuitionists, who believed that mathematics is an invention of the mind. (Was Mathematics an Invention or a Discovery?). They tell that mathematical principles are not an absolute necessity and also there are no complex numbers in the nature. So mathematics is an invention and not a discovery. Ethics is invented, not discovered. It is mere construction of human mind. There are moral principles and it varies from society to society, nation to nation and individual to individual. An ethical act which is dominated in some society is not at all ethics in some other societies. From watching a recent documentary about Liberia an African man was interviewed who used to be a general of a clan, before battle they would kill a young child and cut his heart out consuming some of his blood. This shows some clans in Africa are cannibals and their culture is not bothered about killing of other people. But, most of the people cherish an ethics that killing is immoral act. Therefore, we can say that ethics is constructed and invented, not discovered. Reasoning is the way to come to this knowledge. The way of knowing art is different from ethics and mathematics. We use reasoning for understanding mathematical and ethical principles. But, perception is the way of knowing the art. We see an art and it leads us to a kind of experience. Seeing an art such as film, statue and pictures, we become emotionally aroused. But understanding an ethical principle does not make us emotionally aroused. We cannot know the content of the work of art without experiencing the work. (Lehrer, Kieran, and Dominic 1). It is not possible to say all knowledge are discovered or invented completely. Knowledge that human beings have acquired now in different areas are not mere discoveries or inventions. Great knowledge is result of both great discoveries and inventions. For example, the theories in physics have undergone discussion whether those are invented or discovered. Most of the theories in physics were made from different life experiences. Sometimes, the origin of these theories was closely related with the incidents that happened coincidently. For example, when the origin of the theories of gravitational forces was discussed, the experiences that had in the life of Isaac Newton is mentioned often. Those life experiences led him to make great theories of gravitational force. But, universe was acting according to those rules before they were actually made. These findings were called as discoveries because they existed before they were expressed by mathematical terms. So, the theories which are wr itten or explained using mathematical or linguistic symbols are inventions while their results in practical level are discoveries. But, generally these finding are called as discoveries. But these discoveries are base for many findings which are called as inventions without any doubt. For example, space shuttles are example for one of the greatest inventions of human. But, at the time of making of space shuttles, different theories of force of gravitation have to be analyzed as it acts against force of gravitations. So, in same area itself discoveries and inventions are interlinked in many ways. When we derive knowledge related to art, perception of people who derive those knowledge become prominent. Generally, the findings in arts are inventions. A painter creates his ideas in his mind in a platform. It is a creation, so it can be called as an invention. But, it is possible to argue that there are findings of things which already exist. When an architect makes a sculpture from a rock, he really applies his creativity to the rock and takes a particular shape, which already exists, out of that rock. It is very difficult to explain how man creates an artistic thing which becomes an invention of man in simple logical manner. It is possible to explain the creativity only if both the persons, one who explains and one who listens think in the level of art. The rules of ethics are made for adding more values to social life of human beings. But, being a social creature, many principles of morality have become inevitable part of human nature. So, there are arguments that ethical theories are discoveries of human beings. These arguments, regardless of their mutual areas of agreement and disagreement, seem to point towards morality as being a set of more or less complete rules, already present in the human intellect at birth. (Arroyo).

parent and child relationships :: essays research papers

Parent and children relationships In this essay, I’m going to tell you about some of the parent/children issues that do arise. Such as, one of the parents dying, one of the parents leaving, how hard a single parent can find it coping and how much babies can make people grow up. So many things can go wrong when you have a child of your own, especially when you have to bring them up on your own. In flour babies some of these issues do arise. Simon Martin finds out for himself how hard it is to raise a child and how hard it was for his mother to bring him up. In this book Simon Martin actually quotes ‘the fact is, you need two people to look after a baby. One person’s not enough. You need a substitute. A good reserve. Someone with no particular plans for the evening. Otherwise it simply can’t be done.’ This says that he’s just about to give up on parenthood, because it was too much hard work, without two people. He realises that he’s got a responsibility now and someone depends on him, and that makes him grow up a lot quicker than he normally would. I think ‘bait’ is quite a hard subject to do on this topic because there are quite a lot of things going on. His dad is a gambler who can easily lose his temper, and who’s probably going to ruin his life unless he gives up gambling. The little boy in this has been made to grow up too quickly, because of his dad’s gambling problem. I’d have thought that his dad, like in the short film, often embarrasses him like when he started a fight with the tramp and then started crying and hugging him. I think in a situation like this it can be hard for both the child and the parent. The child has to go without quite a few things that other children would take for granted, and the dad needs to live knowing that however much he tries to provide for his son he’ll never be able to give him everything that all his friends have because he doesn’t have the money because he gambles. Another film that displays how hard single parenting is, is ‘Finding Nemo’. The dad is over protective of nemo because of what happened to his wife and other children when they were eggs.

Lord of the Flies: William Golding

William Golding once said that, â€Å"the shape of a society must depend on the ethical nature of the individual and not on any political system however apparently logical or respectable† (186). He believes that problems with society can be traced â€Å"back to the defects of human nature† (186). In Lord of the Flies, Golding uses two boys from the traditionally socially rigid country of England to illustrate the idea that, if left unchecked, the animalistic nature that resides deep within the hearts of human beings will overcome society’s rules and mores.The characters in the novel are left to their own devices on an uninhabited island and must form their own political system. The true ethical nature of the boys, representative of humans in general, becomes more noticeable as time passes. Ralph is the example of civilization and democracy while Jack is the epitome of savagery and animal behavior. The novel opens with a scene of two young boys on an island after a plane crash in the sea. These boys, Ralph and Piggy, make their way across the isolated island and find a small pool of warm water near a large, pink granite rock.After they find a conch, Ralph blows into it; the noise draws boys from all over the island who are also victims of the plane crash. The major characters include Jack, the leader of the choir, as well as Sam, Eric, Simon and Roger. After an initial meeting, the boys decide that their group should have a leader, although this is more of a game than a means of organization: â€Å"This toy of voting was almost as pleasing as the conch† (22). The conch and the system of voting are both remnants of the English society the boys inhabited.Ralph defeats Jack after a vote, but Ralph places the choir, under the supervision of Jack, in charge of hunting. It is obvious throughout the novel, however, that this token position does not satisfy Jack and that he wants to become chief. Initially, however, Jack says that â€Å"[he] agree[s] with Ralph. Almost immediately, the leadership is beset by a small boy who claims to have seen a nightmarish Beast. Ralph begins by assuring him that such a Beast does not exist, but the young boy insists that the Beast is real and demands o know when it will return. Jack interrupts Ralph to tell the boy, â€Å"There isn’t a snake thing . . . but if there was a snake we’d hunt and kill it. We’re going to hunt . . . and we’ll look for the snake too – â€Å"(36). Ralph is â€Å"annoyed and . . . defeated† (37) by Jack’s usurpation of his authority and is at a loss as to how to deal with it. For the moment, the group of boys waits for the pendulum of authority to swing one way or another. It happens to swing in Ralph’s favor as he assures the boys that they will be rescued.They believe his claim, â€Å"unbacked by any proof but the weight of Ralph’s new authority† (37), and he finds that the assembly â₠¬Å"liked and now respected him† (37). Jack, however, merely smirks and claps half-heartedly. One of the most poignant examples of the remnants of civilization occurs when a boy named Roger begins to throw rocks at a small child named Henry building sand castles. He throws stones, but purposely misses, because, â€Å"there was a space round Henry, perhaps 6 yards in diameter, in which he dare not throw. Here, invisible yet strong, was the taboo of the old life† (56).Even after his long time away from adults, he is still socially conditioned to avoid harming others. However, this civilization was declining rapidly: â€Å"Roger’s arm was conditioned by a civilization that†¦ was in ruins† (56). The decline of civilization's hold is unnoticed by Ralph; he becomes fixated on the fire that is built to attract the attention of any nearby ships or planes. Encouraged by Piggy, Ralph feels that â€Å"the fire is the main thing† (102) and insists that a si gnal fire be kept up at all times. Ralph focuses on a return to civilization and normality.Jack, however, focuses on living by instinct – hunting pigs becomes his obsession. He has a bloodlust: â€Å"He tried to convey the compulsion to track down and kill that was swallowing him up† (51). He is more than content to live on the island, without civilization; he is happy to do so. The two boys differ on the issue of government, as well. Ralph insists on a democracy and allows the group to vote on certain issues. All boys are allowed to speak at meetings if they have a mind to do so; a conch found at the beginning of the novel is held by a boy when he wishes to address the group.This is perhaps one of the strongest remnants of his time in civilized England: the belief that all people deserve representation, regardless of their abilities. Jack, however, adopts more of a dictator like attitude, as illustrated when he says to Ralph, â€Å"It’s time some people knew t hey’ve got to keep quiet and leave deciding things to the rest of us† (102). He symbolizes the idea that the strong survive, so the strongest must govern. Ralph and Jack have a sort of mutual respect for each other, but they are very different and do not know exactly what to do with one another. They walked along, two continents of experience and feeling, unable to communicate†¦ They looked at each other, baffled, in love and hate† (55). Jack is jealous of Ralph’s position as chief, however, and after a long meeting during which Ralph set forth new rules for the group, Jack leaves and starts his own tribe. Because Jack and his elite circle of friends have the ability to hunt and get meat, many of the boys join his tribe. Only Sam, Eric, Simon, Piggy and Ralph remain in the civilized group on the beach. After most of the boys join Jack’s â€Å"tribe,† hunting becomes the primary focus for that group.They spend much of their time hunting an d this provides excitement and entertainment for the boys: â€Å"[T]he sow staggered her way ahead of the, bleeding and mad, and the hunters followed, wedded to her in lust, excited by the long chase and the dropped blood† (135). After this killing, Jack orders Roger to â€Å"[s]harpen a stick on both ends† (136), then proceeds to thrust one end of the stick into the ground. On the other end, he shoves the head of the pig and says, â€Å"This head is for the beast. It’s a gift† (137). This grotesque act provides the explanation for the Beast when a boy named Simon finds a pig’s head on a stick in the forest.Simon has a sort of psychotic episode where the pig’s head – who is referred to as â€Å"the Lord of the Flies† (138) – speaks to him. The Lord of the Flies says, I’m the Beast. Fancy thinking the Beast was something you could hunt and kill! You knew, didn’t you? I’m part of you? Close, close, clo se! I’m the reason why it’s no go? Why things are the way they are? We are going to have fun on this island! (143-144) The Beast is not some animal that disappeared in the morning, turning â€Å"into them things like ropes in the trees† (36). Rather, the Beast is the animal nature within all humans, simply waiting for a chance to escape.This animalistic behavior is not limited to the gratuitously bloody and almost ritualistic killings of the pigs. After Simon â€Å"listens† to the Lord of the Flies, he places the head of the slaughtered sow onto his head. The demented child knows that he is doing something abnormal: â€Å"He knew that one of his times was coming on† (143). Simon continues to hear the voice of the Lord of the Flies as he covers his head with that of the dead pig. The voice gives a foreshadowing to the events that will soon follow when he tries to frighten the boy by saying, â€Å"We are going to have fun on this island. Understand? We are going to have fun on this island!So don’t try [the head] on, my poor misguided boy, or else†¦ Or else we shall do you? Do you. See? † (144) The boy collapses and wakes up after he gets a nosebleed: â€Å"With the running of the blood Simon’s fit passed into the weariness of sleep† (145). His fit, however, does not leave him without advice, because now he knows that the â€Å"beast was harmless and horrible; and the news must reach the others as soon as possible. † This last shred of hope for the humanity of the island, brought about by the psychotic episode of a young boy, never reaches the boys. By this time, Ralph and Piggy venture to Jack’s tribe to enjoy some meat.A small argument between Ralph and Jack ensues and Jack decides to have the tribe do their â€Å"dance† as a way to show his power and the fun that the boys in the tribe have. Roger plays a pig and other boys pretend to attack him. A chant rises: â€Å"Kill the beast! Cut his throat! Spill his blood! † (152) Suddenly a voice cries out, â€Å"Him! Him! † (152) and Simon stumbles out of the forest, covered in pig’s blood as well as his own. He desperately tries to convey the meaning of the Beast to the boys assembled, â€Å"crying out something about a dead man on a hill,† but the boys descend upon him in murderous rapture.To those children, Simon is the beast: â€Å"The beast was on its knees in the center, its arms folded over its face. It was crying out against the abominable noise something about a body on the hill. † Delighted by the prospect of destroying the Beast, â€Å"the crowd surged after it, poured down the rock, leapt on to the beast, screamed, struck, bit, tore. There were no words and no movement but the tearing of teeth and claws† (153). The boys on the island believe that they are killing the beast, when in reality, they are setting it free as they descend from the civilized heig hts of humans to the frightening, murderous behaviour of animals.Even this episode of violence is merely a glance into the darkness in the hearts of the boys. Simon's death could be looked upon as a momentary lapse in judgment, brought about by the fear of the boys. When Ralph suggests murder, Piggy insists that, â€Å"It was dark. There was that – that bloody dance. There was lightning and thunder and rain. We was scared! † (157) He later puts the blame on Simon by saying, â€Å"It was an accident†¦ Coming in the dark – he hadn’t no business crawling like that out of the dark. He was batty. He asked for it. It was an accident† (157).Later, however, the frightening truth about the complete loss of society’s restraints becomes apparent. Jack’s tribe decides that in order to cook their meat, they must have Piggy’s glasses so that they can start fires. A group raids Ralph’s tribe and the glasses are stolen. Piggy is hu rt and confused. He insists on going to Jack and telling him, [Y]ou’re stronger than I am and you haven’t got asthma†¦ You can see, I’m goin’ to say, and with both eyes. But I don’t ask for my glasses back, not as a favor†¦ Give me my glasses, I’m going to say – you got to! (171) Ralph replies with, â€Å"All right. I mean – you can try if you like. We’ll go with you. Ralph, Sam, Eric and Piggy, the remaining members of that particular tribe, then go to see Jack. When they get to Jack’s fort, they demand Piggy’s glasses back and insist that the much larger group of boys keep up a signal fire: â€Å"Your only hope is keeping a signal fire going as long as there’s light to see† (178).This comment is met with derision and laughter from the tribe and Jack commands his group of boys to grab Sam and Eric and tie them up. They do so, nervously at first, then with excitement and a sense of power. Ralph can no longer remain a diplomat; he yells at Jack, â€Å"You’re a beast and a swine and a bloody, bloody thief! (179) They begin to fight, but are interrupted by Piggy, who tries to sway the crowd towards civility. Roger, â€Å"with a sense of delirious abandonment† (180), pushes on a lever, releasing a large rock that the tribe had set up as a weapon. What follows is horrific: The rock struck Piggy a glancing blow from chin to knee; the conch exploded into a thousand white fragments and ceased to exist. Piggy, saying nothing, with no time for even a grunt, traveled through the air sideways from the rock, turning as he went†¦ Piggy fell forty feet and landed on his back across the square red rock in the sea.His head opened and stuff came out and turned red. Piggy’s arms and legs twitched a bit†¦ [t]hen the sea breathed again in a long, slow sigh†¦ and†¦ the body of Piggy was gone (181). Ralph is in shock and his â€Å"lips form ed a word but no sound came† (181). Jack takes this opportunity to cry â€Å"I’m chief! † and attack Ralph while he is off guard. He does this â€Å"[v]iciously, with full intent† (181) and Ralph flees for his life. Jack then allows to Roger to use force to convince Sam and Eric to join his tribe. Ralph hides for a while, but later that night, he goes back to the fort when he knows that Sam and Eric are on duty.Those boys are terrified of Jack and Roger and they insist that Ralph leave. First, however, they warn him that the tribe is â€Å"going to hunt† him tomorrow and that they would â€Å"throw [their] spears like at a pig† (188-189). As a last warning, he is told that â€Å"Roger sharpened a stick at both ends† (190). This indicates that Jack’s plans are no idle threat; he and Roger plan to kill Ralph, then put his head onto a stick and drive the stick into the ground as a sacrifice to the Beast. Horrific as this may seem, perhaps this is the best sacrifice possible, because the Beast is the inhumanity in all people and the loss of civilization.The murder of Ralph would serve as the ultimate concession to murderous desires and blood lust, for such an event would indicate a total abandonment of society’s mores. The hunt begins and soon Ralph’s hiding place in a nearly impenetrable thicket. Even Ralph is shown to have descended into animalism as he considers what he would do in the event that a boy finds him: â€Å"He felt the point of his spear with his thumb and grinned without amusement. Whoever tried that would be stuck, squealing like a pig† (193). His safe area is destroyed, however, when the tribe sets fire to the thicket and Ralph is forced to flee.A chase ensues and Ralph runs onto the beach, falls, and staggers to his feet. Standing before him is a British naval officer, who seems to think that the boys have been playing a game. In an amused fashion, he asks Ralph how many boys have died and the child responds with, â€Å"Only two. And they’ve gone. † The naval officer is astonished and turns away for a moment. The group of boys begins to sob and Ralph is the loudest of these: And in the middle of them, with filthy body, matted hair, and unwiped nose, Ralph wept for the end of innocence, the darkness of a man’s heart, and the fall through the air of a true, wise friend called Piggy. 202) In the end, a rescue by an English adult is all the saves that boys from the ultimate fall from society’s grace: the planned murder of an innocent. The idea is clear throughout the novel, however, that the social conditioning impressed upon the boys decreases in influence as time passes with no reminder from a true figure of authority. William Golding proves through his novel that the animalistic nature in all humans is reigned in only by the rigid constraint of civilization.

Evolution Of Management Theory And Management Theories

Evolution of Management Theory Jamal Roberts Pasco Hernando State College Evolution of Management Theory In reality, every person in a management position handles the way that they do their job differently. Management is one of the most important parts of an organization, if not the most important. However, the development of management in organizations has changed dramatically from the late eighteenth century to now. In the eighteenth century, managers relied on power and setting strict rules to get the job done. Modern day managers have to rely heavily on leading by example and doing the right things. As can see, management has changed drastically over the last few centuries. As leaders changed in the work place, so did the way†¦show more content†¦Scientific Management Frederick W. Taylor (1856-1915), who was a mechanical engineer, pioneered scientific management in the early 1900’s. Taylor believed that it was the management’s duty to designate jobs for workers and motivate them to achieve the task they’re assigned. He introduced five principles that ma ke up the structure of scientific management, four are universal and one is contingent. â€Å"Taylor labeled the first principle, ‘A Large Daily Task.’ The idea was that each member of the organization, from top to bottom, should have a clearly defined task assigned each day.† The second principle â€Å"labeled ‘Standard Conditions,’ specified that: (a) each worker s task should ‘call for a full day s work,’ and (b) each worker should be given ‘such standardized conditions and appliances as will enable him to accomplish his task with certainty.’† Again, Taylor clearly believed in assigning accomplishable tasks to workers. â€Å"The third and fourth principles concern individual performance; their highly descriptive labels are: ‘High Pay for Success’ and ‘Loss in Case of Failure,’ respectively.† Taylor s fifth principle, â€Å"unlabeled and contingent, prescribes, for companies with ‘an advanced state of organization’†¦that tasks should be made so difficult that they ‘can only be accomplished by a first-class man.’ This idea, and the concept of the first-class man, indicate Taylor s belief that workers should be systematicallyShow MoreRelatedThe Evolution Of Management Theory1026 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction The evolution of management has been changed many times since the early 1900’s. 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